for electronic control of the intensity and position

of the laser beam. In this note, we will explain the

theory and application of acousto-optic

modulators. Acousto-optic interaction occurs in all

optical mediums when an acoustic wave and a

laser beam are present in the medium. When an

acoustic wave is launched into the optical medium,

it generates a refractive index wave that behaves

like a sinusoidal grating. An incident laser beam

passing through this granting will diffract the laser

beam into several orders. With appropriate design,

the first order beam has the highest efficiency. Its

angular position is linearly proportional to the

acoustic frequency, so that the higher the

frequency, the larger the diffracted angle.

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